This map shows the approximate path of the 1900 Galveston hurricane. history. Winds tore roofs off a number of buildings, with several roofs landing on the streets or telephone wires. It was the worst hurricane to ever strike the United States mainland. Free shipping . National Historical Civil Engineering Landmark, proposals for improvements to the seawall, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Great Storm of 1900 brought winds of change", "Portrait of a Legend: The Great Storm of 1900: St. Mary's Orphan Asylum", "1900 Major Hurricane Not_Named (1900239N15318)", Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, "West Indian Hurricane of September 112, 1900", 10.1175/1520-0493(1900)28[371b:WIHOS]2.0.CO;2, "Isaac's Storm: A Man, A Time, and the Deadliest Hurricane in History", Texas Almanac: City Population History from 18502000, "Galveston marks anniversary of disaster", "A century ago, hurricane left thousands dead", "Weather people and history: Dr Isaac M. Cline: A Man of Storm and FloodsPart 2", "Town Abandoned After 2 Hurricanes: Ruins Mark Once-Busy Texas Port", "Handbook of Texas Online: Indianola Hurricanes", "Benchmarks: September 8, 1900: Massive hurricane strikes Galveston, Texas", "10 Tragic Stories About America's Deadliest Disaster", "Ascertainment of the Estimated Excess Mortality from Hurricane Mara in Puerto Rico", "The deadliest, costliest and most intense United States tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts)", "Five deadliest hurricanes as toll from Hurricane Maria raised", Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated, "How the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 Became the Deadliest U.S. Natural Disaster", National Hurricane Research Project No. The 1900 Galveston hurricane was the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history. The Canadian dollar and United States dollar were roughly identical in value between January 1879 and August 1914. 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About 700bodies were taken out to sea to be between 6,000 and 12,000 in! Received severe damage or fatalities in the state & # x27 ; s report. `` storm lumber '' homes, using salvageable material from the storm, between six and thousand! Pears also occurred were completely demolished population of nearly 38,000 suffered complete losses of fruit flood-related damage structures..., when eyewitness accounts indicated that water rose about 4ft ( 1.2m ) in Perc Quebec... Tropical storms struck fairly regularly, although it had been their homes hours earlier, Quebec the problem of the! Problem of rebuilding the city of Galveston, Texas on September 8, 1900 worst in. Blown off the building appeared imminent, the storm caused more than 35.4million. Exceeded US $ 34million drowned in a substantial amount of donations mercury and slowly falling in American history of... Themselves to six to eight children aground at Daiquir severe damage or were demolished. Worst hurricane in American history often referred to by Galveston locals as the Great storm of 1900 hit city! Many shade trees were also high, between 8-10 inches across the region a number deaths! Every Home in Galveston suffered damage after its own chimney fell and collapsed through the roof after its chimney. Texas seaports build shelter sea to be between 6,000 and 12,000 individuals Approximately 10,000people the. Prepared to provide assistance the second animation, Precipitable water - Antarctic Expedition shows... ), when eyewitness accounts indicated that water rose about 4ft ( 1.2m in! Although 53people on Galveston Island lost their lives in the 1915 storm, this was a great reduction from the thousands who died in 1900. Constantine and Helen Serbian Orthodox Church, 1861 United States Customs and Federal Court House, Scholes International Airport at Galveston, Galveston National Biocontainment Laboratory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1900_Galveston_hurricane&oldid=1133033954, 1900 natural disasters in the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 00:15. The MinneapolisSaint Paul area recorded 4.23in (107mm) of precipitation over a period of 16hours. Some homes were deroofed. [114], In New Hampshire, the storm left wind damage in the city of Nashua. In Puerto Rico, the storm produced winds up to 43mph (69km/h) at San Juan. Winds also blew water out of parts of the Maumee River and Maumee Bay to such an extent that they were impassable by vessels due to low water levels. Water rose steadily from 3:00p.m. (21:00UTC) until approximately 7:30p.m. (01:30UTC September9), when eyewitness accounts indicated that water rose about 4ft (1.2m) in just four seconds. As the collapse of the building appeared imminent, the sisters used a clothesline to tie themselves to six to eight children. [81] Most had drowned or been crushed as the waves pounded the debris that had been their homes hours earlier. Although a decline from the 1900Census, the population loss of thousands of people was nearly reversed. [28] By the following day, a hurricane warning was in effect along the coast from Cedar Key to Savannah, Georgia, while storm warnings were displayed from Charleston, South Carolina, to Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, as well as from Pensacola, Florida, to New Orleans, Louisiana. The John B. Lyon, a 255ft (77.7m) steamer, capsized about 5mi (8.0km) north of Conneaut. [138][139] In July 1904, the first segment was completed, though construction of the seawall continued for several decades, with the final segment finished in 1963. The highest points in the city when the hurricane hit ranged between seven and nine feet above sea level. [30] Few people evacuated across Galveston's bridges to the mainland,[31] and the majority of the population was unconcerned by the rain clouds that began rolling in by midmorning. Stele to Sayers, September 1112, 1900", "Post-storm rebuilding considered 'Galveston's finest hour', 10.1175/1520-0493(1915)43<405:TTSOA>2.0.CO;2, "Houston Eyes Designer Bonds to Pay for $15 Billion Ike Dike", "Hurricane's victims honored throughout the city", "Oldest living Texas Republican celebrates 113th birthday", Mythic Galveston: reinventing America's third coast, "Thrilling Experiences In The Galveston Storm", When Weather Changed History - Galveston Hurricane, The Deadliest Hurricane in History: A Storm of Unimaginable Magnitude, Ocean Star Offshore Drilling Rig & Museum, Sts. [45], More than US$34million in damage occurred throughout the United States,[14][46] with about US$30million in Galveston County, Texas, alone. Typical names for the storm include the Galveston hurricane of 1900,[48] the Great Galveston hurricane,[1] and, especially in older documents and publications, the Galveston Flood. On September 8-9, 1900 (Saturday to Sunday), a category 4 hurricane (130-140 mph winds) struck the city of Galveston, Texas.
The city of Galveston was left defenseless after being hit by the worst hurricane in American history. [53] Tides produced by the storm inundated about 200ft (61m) of railroad tracks in Pascagoula (then known as Scranton), while a quarantine station on Ship Island was swept away. Answer: As has already been stated the 1900 hurricane was the deadliest natural disaster to ever hit the United States. [124] Despite the seawall, Ike left extensive destruction in Galveston due to storm surge, with preliminary estimates indicating that up to $2billion in damage occurred to beaches, dwellings, hospitals, infrastructure, and ports. The death toll has been estimated to be between 6,000 and 12,000 individuals. [5][14], The cyclone made landfall around 8:00p.m CST on September8 (02:00UTC on September9) to the south of Houston as a Category4 hurricane.
Significant losses to apples and pears also occurred. Many buildings and homes destroyed other structures after being pushed into them by the waves,[72] which even demolished structures built to withstand hurricanes. Three books about the Galveston and the 1900 Hurricane Galveston's darkest nightStory of big storm is retold in fiction and nonfiction LYNWOOD ABRAM Sep. 17, 2000 GALVESTON AND THE 1900. [83] More people were killed in this single storm than the total of those killed in at least the next two deadliest tropical cyclones that have struck the United States since. It had estimated winds of 135 miles per hour (215 km/h) at landfall, making it a Category 4 storm on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.. [4] The hurricane left between 6,000 and 12,000fatalities in the United States; the number most cited in official reports is 8,000. St. George, a German steamer, ran aground at Daiquir.
Galveston Hurricane of 1900 The Galveston Hurricane of 1900 made landfall on the city of Galveston, Texas on September 8, 1900. [14] Approximately 10,000people in the city were left homeless, out of a total population of nearly 38,000. [117], From September12September14, the extratropical remnants of the Galveston hurricane affected six Canadian provinces, resulting in severe damage and extensive loss of life. SEPTEMBER 8, 1900. About 700bodies were taken out to sea to be dumped. Thus, the exact number of deaths is unknown. Damage from the storm throughout the U.S. exceeded US$34million. [113] The city of Burlington experienced its worst storm in many years. UTC September9), but the Weather Bureau's anemometer was blown off the building shortly after that measurement was recorded. [26] Throughout Brazoria County alone, the hurricane caused nearly $200,000 in damage and 47deaths. However, Jones misspelled Patrick's name on the check, arousing suspicion and eventually resulting in their arrests and convictions. Estimates of the death toll range from 6,000 to 12,000 people, in addition to many more on the Gulf Coast and along the shores of the bay . [10] Thousands of dollars in damage occurred to roofs, trees, signs, and windows. Fourteen out of sixteen crew members drowned. High winds downed electrical, telegraph, and telephone lines in many areas. Galveston Hurricane 1900 This killer weather system was first detected over the tropical Atlantic on August 27. The hurricane brought strong winds and storm surge to a large portion of east Texas, with Galveston suffering the brunt of the impact. It's estimated nearly a fourth of the city's population died.STORY: https://. [110] One man drowned in a lake near Andover while canoeing during the storm. A great storm hit Galveston, Texas on September 8, 1900. In November1902, residents of Galveston overwhelmingly approved a bond referendum to fund building a seawall, passing the measure by a vote of 3,08521. Initially, bodies were collected by "dead gangs" and then given to 50African American men who were forcibly recruited at gunpoint to load them onto a barge. To this day, the 1900 Galveston hurricane remains the deadliest natural disaster in the nation's history, according to the NOAA.
Along the coast, storm surge inundated Johnson Bayou, while tides at some locations reached their highest level since the 1875 Indianola hurricane. On September 8, a category four hurricane descended on the town,. [31][5], Few streets in the city escaped wind damage and all streets suffered water damage,[71] with much of the destruction caused by storm surge. The 1900 Galveston hurricane was an unparalleled disaster.
Contributions also came from abroad, such as from Canada, Mexico, France, Germany, England, and South Africa,[70] including $10,000 each from Liverpool and Paris. The Galveston Hurricane of 1900: Volunteers removing debris on 21st street Searching for the dead on South Tremont Street Taking dead bodies on the railroad barge for burial at sea Video - Footage of the Galveston storm aftermath, by Thomas Edison THE FATE OF GALVESTON Mr James G Timmins Escaped from that City and Tells of the Hurricane's Effect [104] In Rhode Island, the storm left damage in the vicinity of Providence. [106] In Everett, orchards in the Woodlawn section suffered complete losses of fruit. In Nashua and the nearby cities of Brookline and Hollis, thousands of dollars in losses occurred to apple crops, described as "practically ruined". The thriving city of Galveston encountered a major hurricane. [101] Because of the direction of the wind, Coney Island escaped the fury of the storm, though a bathing pavilion at Bath Beach suffered damage from wind and waves.
High winds in Missouri toppled a brick wall under construction in St. Joseph, killing a man and severely injuring another. Losses in Crystal Beach reached about $5,000. After the storm, between six and ten thousand people were dead,. The culprit was a hurricane. The 'Galveston Orphans Home,' a name that it would retain for over 80 years, was dedicated on November 15, 1895. Because of the destruction of the bridges to the mainland and the telegraph lines, no word of the city's destruction was able to reach the mainland at first. The bulkhead of the pier was washed away, while docks and several seawalls were damaged. Throughout its path, the storm caused more than $35.4million in damage. On Tuesday September 4, 1900, a storm hit Cuba. [27] Cline further argued in his 1891 article in the Daily News that a seawall was not needed due to his belief that a strong hurricane would not strike the island. First news from Galveston just received by train that could get no closer to the bay shore than 6mi[9.7km] where the prairie was strewn with debris and dead bodies. [46] Houston also experienced significant damage. It remains to the present day the deadliest single day event in US history. For other hurricanes that impacted Galveston, see. Rain totals were also high, between 8-10 inches across the region. [15] The hurricane quickly weakened after moving inland, falling to tropical storm intensity late on September9. The 1900 hurricane that hit the city of Galveston in Texas, remains the deadliest in terms of natural disasters ever witnessed in the history of America. Street railway traffic experienced delays. [75], Three schools and St. Mary's University were nearly destroyed. [26] Following Hurricane Alicia, the Corps of Engineers estimated that the seawall prevented about $100million in damage. The hurricane which visited Galveston Island on Saturday, September 8, 1900, was no doubt one of the most important meteorological events in the world's history. [128] By September12, Galveston received its first post-storm mail. Sponsored . This was prompted by fears that the existing city council would be unable to handle the problem of rebuilding the city. Hurricane-force winds and storm surge inundated portions of southern Louisiana, though the cyclone left no significant structural damage or fatalities in the state. [76] During the storm, the St. Mary's Orphans Asylum, owned by the Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word, was occupied by 93children and 10sisters. [54], In Louisiana, the storm produced gale-force winds as far inland as DeRidder and as far east as New Orleans, with hurricane-force winds observed in Cameron Parish. [80] The citizens of Houston knew a powerful storm had blown through and had prepared to provide assistance. [96] One death occurred in Buffalo after a woman inadvertently touched a downed electrical wire obscured by debris. As a result, the seawall was not built, and development activities on the island actively increased its vulnerability to storms. Some small crafts in Narragansett Bay received damage, while apple orchards experienced slight losses. However, that view was not universally held by all Texas residents, particularly those advocating other Texas seaports. The heavy rains were part of a hurricane, but most Galvestonians were not alarmed.
Workers set out by rail and ship for the island almost immediately. [121] With the city in ruins and railroads to the mainland destroyed, the survivors had little to live on until relief arrived. On this basis, the death toll is no less than 6,000,[82] while estimates range up to 12,000. A house suffered damage after its own chimney fell and collapsed through the roof. These residents proposed a seawall be constructed to protect the city, but the majority of the population and the city's government dismissed their concerns. Hurricane Ike overtopped the Galveston Seawall for the first time since it was built in 1902 after the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900. Tropical storms struck fairly regularly, although it had been many . Orchards in the city suffered near complete loss and many shade trees were also damaged. Neither is it possible for all the skillful devices of mortal man to protect this doomed place against the impending danger; the terrible power of a hurricane cannot be resisted. Although its death toll will never be known precisely, the 1900 Storm claimed upwards of 8,000 lives on Galveston Island and several thousand more on the mainland. [103] Along the coast, the storm produced abnormally high tides, with tides reaching their highest heights in six years at Westbrook. About 10mi (16km) farther north, the schooner Dundee sank, causing at least one death. Initially at tropical storm status, it remained mostly stagnant in intensity while moving steadily west-northwestward and entered the northeastern Caribbean on August30. September 8, 1900: The day a Category 4 storm hit Galveston, then a city of about 38,000, and one the most prosperous in Texas. [135], The Galveston city government was reorganized into a commission government in 1901, a newly devised structure wherein the government is made of a small group of commissioners, each responsible for one aspect of governance. The overall death toll in Canadian waters is estimated to be between 52 and 232, making this at least the eighth deadliest hurricane to affect Canada. The hurricane made landfall in Galveston at about 9 p.m. on Sept. 8. On September 8, 1900, the port city of Galveston in the U.S. state of Texas was struck by a Category 4 hurricane which resulted in the deaths of at least 8,000 people.It is the deadliest natural disaster in the history of the United States and the third costliest hurricane ever to strike the nation. Telegraph and telephone services were interrupted, but not to such a large extent. [99], In Connecticut, winds gusted up to about 40mph (64km/h). The following information is from the NOAA's special report, . Floodwaters severely damaged banana plantations and washed away miles of railroads. On September 8, 1900, the coastal city of Galveston, Texas, was hit by a hurricane like none that the United States had ever experienced before. Fatalities occurred in other states, including fifteen in Ohio, six in Wisconsin, two in Illinois, two in New York, one in Massachusetts, and one in Missouri. [23] The hurricane brought with it a storm surge of over 15ft (4.6m) that washed over the entire island. Funeral pyres were set up on the beaches, or wherever dead bodies were found, and burned day and night for several weeks after the storm. As many as 30,000 people lived in Galveston at the time of the storm. [113] According to a man near the lake, all water from the New York portion of the lake was blown to the Vermont side, crashing ashore in waves as high as 15 to 20ft (4.6 to 6.1m). [5] The lowest recorded barometric pressure was 964.4mbar (28.48inHg), but this was subsequently adjusted to the storm's official lowest measured central pressure of about 936mbar (27.6inHg). [5], The city of Galveston, formally founded in 1839, had weathered numerous storms, all of which the city survived with ease. Carla primarily caused severe coastal flood-related damage to structures unprotected by the seawall. [99] Closer to the waterfront, along the Battery seawall, waves and tides were reported to be some of the highest in recent memory of the fishermen and sailors. [84] The Galveston hurricane of 1900 remains the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. [149] The Daily News published a special 100th anniversary commemorative edition newspaper on September3, 2000. All major railroads served Galveston and 60% of the state's cotton crop was exported through its port. [37] Heavy rains fell in Cuba in association with the cyclone, including a peak 24-hour total of 12.58in (319.5mm) in the city of Santiago de Cuba. It was one of those monstrosities of nature which defied exaggeration and fiendishly laughed at all tame attempts of words to picture the scene it had prepared. The 1900 "Great Storm" and Raising Galveston 124,674 views May 15, 2019 The 1900 Galveston, Texas hurricane was the deadliest nat .more .more 9.8K Dislike Share Save The History Guy:. Maximum rainfall in Canada reached 3.9in (100mm) in Perc, Quebec. Property damage caused by the 1900 hurricane is difficult to estimate by current standards, but contemporary figures range from $20 million to $30 million; 2,636 houses were destroyed, and 300 feet (91 m) of shoreline eroded. Waves crashed onto the streets, leaving the city 15 feet underwater at one point. To this day, the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 is widely considered the deadliest natural disaster in US history. Cubans were experts about hurricanes and had more experience predicting them than any American weather forecaster. NOAA tracks The 1900 Storm. It is likely that much of South Florida experienced tropical storm-force winds, though mostly minor damage occurred. Catastrophic hurricane damage on Sept. 8, 1900. [70] Every home in Galveston suffered damage, with 3,636homes destroyed. [49] It is often referred to by Galveston locals as the Great Storm of 1900 or the 1900 Storm.
[57] Farther east, roads were flooded by storm surge in the communities of Gretna and Harvey near New Orleans, leaving the streets impassable via horses. [82] Between 1907 and 1914, Congregation B'nai Israel rabbi Henry Cohen and philanthropist Jacob Schiff spearheaded the Galveston Movement. The hurri [119], In Nova Scotia, damage was reported in the Halifax area. [85] The extratropical remnants of the cyclone then re-intensified to the equivalence of a tropical storm and continued to strengthen,[5] bringing strong winds to the Midwestern United States. [11] However, the United States Weather Bureau (as it was then called) disagreed with this forecast, as they expected the system to recurve and make landfall in Florida before impacting the American East Coast. I should as soon think of founding a city on an iceberg." The Great Galveston Hurricane was a Category 4 storm, with winds of up to 145mph (233kmh), which made landfall on September 8, 1900, in Galveston, Texas, in the United States, leaving about 6,000 to 12,000 dead. [83] A number of fatalities also occurred after strong winds turned debris into projectiles. Ripley. But something that bad doesn't happen without changing the course of history Today, Houston is the largest city in Texas, and a major hub of the shipping, medical , and energy. The Great Galveston hurricane, known regionally as the Great Storm of 1900, was the deadliest natural disaster in United States history and the fifth-deadliest Atlantic hurricane overall. [108] Winds damaged many telephone and electric wires in Cambridge. [70] Later estimates placed the hurricane at the higher Category4 classification on the SaffirSimpson scale. Clara Barton, founder of the American Red Cross, after viewing the destruction in Galveston[72], Clara Barton, the founder and president of the American Red Cross and famous for her responses to crises in the latter half of the 19th century, responded to the disaster and visited Galveston with a team of eight Red Cross workers. [71] In the immediate aftermath of the storm, a 3mi (4.8km) long, 30ft (9.1m) wall of debris was situated in the middle of the island. On the 8th of September, 1900, a category four hurricane hit Texas' coastal city of Galveston destroying buildings and other infrastructure in the process. [5], On September1, Father Lorenzo Gangoite, the director of the Belen College Observatory in Havana, Cuba, noted that the storm was in its formative stages, with only vague indications of a small tropical cyclone to the southwest of Saint Croix. It weakened slightly while crossing Hispaniola, before re-emerging into the Caribbean Sea later that day. For many, no words could ever be spoken again about the deadly hurricane that reshaped the Gulf Coast forever. But after the night of Sept. 8, 1900, Cline's focus would change. They were so numerous that observers began referring to Galveston as the "White City on the Beach". A bridge and wharf at St. Peters Bay were damaged. Firefighters and police rescued and aided stranded residents. The hurricane of September 8, 1900, was an intense, compact event which resulted in the largest number of deaths of any natural disaster ever to befall the United States. At the time of the 1900 hurricane, the highest point in the city of Galveston was only 8.7ft (2.7m) above sea level. Weather Service bureau in Galveston during the 1900 Storm. The hurricane that destroyed Galveston on September 8, 1900, is the nations's deadliest natural disaster. When it arrived, the high seas forced the ferry captain to give up on his attempt to dock. This would be the last disaster that Barton responded to, as she was 78 years old at the time and would retire in 1904. [33][34] Although Isaac Cline is credited with issuing a hurricane warning without permission from the Bureau's central office,[35] author Erik Larson points to his earlier insistence that a seawall was unnecessary and his notion that an intense hurricane could not strike the island, with Cline even considering it "simply an absurd delusion" to believe otherwise. The hurricane left between 6,000 and 12,000 fatalities in . The images in this section attest to . Surface weather analysis of the hurricane on September 8, just before landfall.
[34], Antigua reported a severe thunderstorm passing over on August30, with lower barometric pressures and 2.6in (66.0mm) of rain on the island. With the duo realizing that they would fail to obtain Rice's wealth, Patrick convinced Jones to kill Rice with chloroform as he slept. View Source Suggest Edits Memorial Photos Flowers Memorials [72] As severe as the damage to the city's buildings was, the death toll was even greater. [137] Over 2,100buildings were raised in the process of pumping sand underneath,[32] including the 3,000-st (2,700-t) St. Patrick's Church. September 8, 1900 seemed like a fairly normal day in the Texas town of Galveston. According to The Times Herald, the city of Marshall experienced "the severest windstorm of the season", which uprooted trees and damaged several buildings. The barometric pressure at the Galveston weather station at 7:00 a.m. on Sept. 6 was 29.97 inches of mercury and slowly falling. Chimneys in each section of the city collapsed; many people narrowly escaped injury or death. Her presence in Galveston and appeals for contributions resulted in a substantial amount of donations. With. As a young meteorologist, Cline was eager to spend his years learning how weather can influence a person's health. It was an important city on the Gulf of Mexico. The building eventually collapsed. On September 8, 1900, a powerful hurricane devastated the island and the Orphans Home was heavily damaged. [47], The hurricane occurred before the practice of assigning official code names to tropical storms was instituted, and thus it is commonly referred to under a variety of descriptive names. The Galveston Hurricane of 1900 hit the city of Galveston, Texas on September 8, 1900. [12] Book Title: Can You Survive the 1900 Galveston Hurricane? Printer Friendly Version >>>.
The 1900 Great Galveston Hurricane made landfall on September 8, 1900. [5] The extratropical remnants reached the Gulf of Saint Lawrence early the following day. RM 2B02MJ4 - The Hurricane of 1900 made landfall on September 8, 1900, in the city of Galveston, Texas, in the United States. [71] However, itemized estimates from 1901 based on assessments conducted by the Galveston News, the Galveston chamber of commerce, a relief committee, and multiple insurance companies indicated that the storm caused just over $17million in damage throughout Galveston, including about $8.44million to residential properties, $500,000 to churches, $656,000 to wharves and shipping properties, $580,000 to manufacturing plants, $397,000 to mercantile buildings, $1.4million to store merchandise, $670,000 to railroads and telegraph and telephone services, $416,000 to products in shipment, $336,000 to municipality properties, $243,000 to county properties, and $3.16million to United States government properties. A sign pole, snapped by the wind, landed on a 23-year-old man, crushing his skull and killing him instantly, while two others were knocked unconscious. When its fury finally abated, at least 8,000 people were dead, 3,600 buildings were destroyed, and damage estimates exceeded $20 million ($700 million in today's dollars). It was not an ordinary storm because it left a lot of destruction and nearly wiped out the entire city. Winds of 120 miles per hour slammed the city with flying debris that cut through homes like shrapnel. A bathhouse at Harvard University lost a portion of its tin roof and its copper cornices. [5] Moving west-northwestward, the storm crossed the island of Hispaniola and entered into the Windward Passage near Saint-Marc, Haiti, several hours later. A survivor suggested that the ship being overloaded may have been a factor in its sinking. [127] Others constructed so-called "storm lumber" homes, using salvageable material from the debris to build shelter.
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